#2- How to cite sources

HOW TO CITE SOURCES

There are several ways to cite a source (MLA, Turabian, Chicago). Here you have APA Citation Style

Author(s). (Date). Title of Book/ "Title of Article"/ Title of Periodical/ Volume. Pages. Place of Publication. Publisher.

• Journal or Magazine Article

Wilcox, R. V. (1991). "Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation". Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65.

• Journal or Magazine Article

Dubeck, L. (1990). "Science fiction aids science teaching." Physics Teacher, 28, 316-318.

• Newspaper Article

Di Rado, A. (1995, March 15). "Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek." Los Angeles Times, p. A3.

• Article from an Internet Database

Mershon, D. H. (1998, November-December). "Star Trek on the brain: Alien minds, human minds." American Scientist, 86, 585. Retrieved July 29, 1999, from Expanded Academic ASAP database.

• Book

Okuda, M., &; Okuda, D. (1993). Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. New York: Book Pocket Books

• Article or Chapter

James, N. E. (1988). "Two Sides of Paradise: The Eden Myth according to Kirk and Spock," in D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

• Encyclopedia Article

Sturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction, in The Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier.

• Website

Lynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved  from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club. Last visited: May 15th, 2020. Available at: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/ 503r.html

Notes

• Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc.
• Use only the initials of the authors' first (and middle) names.
• If no author is given, start with the title and then the date.
• Magazine articles: include the month (and day) as shown under Newspapers.
• Websites: if the date the page was created is not given, use (n.d.).
  
                                                      adapted from: http://essayinfo.com/citations/index.php

Some more examples...

• Benson, M. (1994)."The BBI dictionary of English word combinatuions". U.S. John Benjamins Publising Company.  
• Casselman, B (2020, May, 29) "Millions relying on pandemic aid can see its end, and they are scared". New York Times, front page.
• Wells, J.C (2006). "English Intination". U.S. Cambridge University Press.
• Glenney Boggs, C. (2013). Speech Acts: Constative and Performative. Retrieved from Ted-Ed.  Last visited: May, 31st, 2020. Available at: https://youtu.be/LgmpbXIGpcc

Whenever we write any kind of essay, we search and select material connected to the topic  we are to deal with. These pieces of information are generally taken from different sources. So, it is necessary to identify those sources that have been consulted, and cite them accurately.

In general, the way in which this information is stated is similar regardless the type of source used. Author´s name, title of the book or article or magazine, date of publication, and even the number of the pages that have been used is required. 

Quotation is another way to identify other authors´ words.  Actually, quotes are "exact words" taken from other productions. 

So, why is it so important to cite sources? Since they are considered "borrowed material", the use of the correct rules to identify and state them does avoid plagierism.